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1,438,944. R. 0. CONWAY.

ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

FILED lULY 24. 1919.

"ft-.S'l' AVAlLABLE (Sill Fatented Dec. 19, 1922.

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ROY D. CONWAY, OF CHA'I'HAM, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO WESTERN ELECTRICCOMPANY, INCORPORATEIJ, or new YORK.

.YORKQ N. .Y., CORPORATION OF NEW ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

-Application filed July 24,

To all whom, it may concern:-

Be itiknown that I, ROY D. CONWAY, a citizen of the United Statesresiding at Chathain, in the county of Morris, State of New Jersey,haveiinvented certain new and 'use ful Improvements in ElectricRegulators, of which the following is a full; clear, concise, and exactdescription. p C Vi This invention relates to arrangeinents for10-regulating an electrical characteristic offa circuit, such as theintensity of current flowing therethrough. One ofzthe objects of theinvention'is to provide a method and means for insuring a constant Howof current over '15 a circuit Anotherobjeet-oonsistsin -aproviding meansfor automatically increasing the resistance iIL-HcCi IGILl iW G J V D hBcurrent flow therethrough has a tendencyp-to..in-

crease; and alsomeansior. automatically; reducing the resistance?iirsaid circuitias the current flow decreases- :A further objectconsists :in .theigprovision; of .a "method; and

means for cuttinginor out' resistance in a circuit byv successivestepsin order to hold constant an electrical characteristic of a portion ofthecircuit. Other-objects of this invention will appear inthe detaileddescription to be given later. 1

It has often been foundjdesirable to associate- With a work circuitincludingEtranslating devices such, for example, asa circuit includingthe filaments of a vacuum tube repeater, an arrangement for regulatingthe current flow therethrough.

trical current for the circuit may have a tend ency to vary beyond thelimits Within which satisfactory operationof the apparatuswill As it hasbeen found that a vacuum J result. 40 tube repeater will givebetterservice ii-thc current flow in its 'tilanient heating circuit' thevoltage in this source will cause a circuitto be closed over the needleand one of the contacts otthe voltmeter thereby operating resistancevarying mechanism to add a cer-. tain amount of resistance in serieswith the winding of the voltmeter relay and additional resistance to theork circuit. It the- This is because 35 the voltage at the sourcesupplying the elec- 1819. Serial No. 313,032.

resistance thus added to'the voltmeter circuit and the work circuit. isinsufficient to 'counterbalance the increase in current due to thechange in'voltage, the voltmeter needle will not fall back'to neutralposition, but will serve to -hold closed the circuit over the contactofthe voltmeter; QAccordingly, the resistance varying mechanism willcontinue to operate and will add further'resistance winding and the Workcircuit. until the in- :crease in current flow has beencounterbalanced'and theneedle returnedto neutral position. It, thecurrent flow ..-from the :source'decreasespacircuit is closedover' theneedle and another. contact otitheivoltineter {which serves; .tooperate.- the I resistance {vary- 'i g meohanismto reduce the:resista'nce in the voltmeter circuitia'nd the work circuitinprogportion to the'deerease in; voltage.:. w;

Injthe preferred form, this resistance rvarying mechanism comprises aseries of relays under the control of'the contacts'ot' the voltmeter.The relays of this series are adapted to control the .associationiviththe voltmeter circuit of a plurality of resistance units and'are alsoadapted'tocontrol an additional series of normally energized relays'avhich control the-association with-the Work circuit-eta plurality ofresistance units:

Means are also provided for insuring the successive action of these twoseries ot' relays so that only one resistance'n'iay be cut in or out ofthe voltmeter circuit at one time. Preferably this is accomplished byproviding a series of slow-acting relays for trans ferring the controlof the-contacts of the voltmeter relay trom'one-or" said resistancecontrolling relays to the next in order as the voltage supply changes.

This invention may now be more fully un derstood from the followingdetailed description taken in connection with the accom- 'iany ingdrawing which illustrates the preferred form. of the circuitarrangements of this invention.

Connected to a battery 2 is a vol n'ietcr relay 3'which has a needle 4between two stationary contacts 5 and G. Since these contacts areextremely delicate and easily burned out, needle 4 is connected to anintermediate point of a circuit containing the high resistances 7 and 8and source of voltage 2, so that onlya fraction of the total potentialof battery 2 may be applied to the voltmeter units to theicircuitincluding the voltmeter 1 after its corresponding relay in the series 11tol7 inclusive has operated.

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needle in the case \vherethe total pbtential of battery 2 would beinjurious to'the contacts it applied directly. Under the control of thevoltmeter-needle Aafilldcontact is. a relay 1() which -controls thesuccessive operation of the relayslin the two series 11 to 17 inclusiveand 21 to 27 inclusive; -Eiach'ot' the relays in the series 21 to 27inclusive is a slow-acting relay designed so thatiit .will not. operateto open or close its contacts until The successive operation of*therelays- 11 lto 17 inclusive-serves'to' a'dd tothe winding of thevoltmeter relay, the 'jresistances -31 to 37 respectivelyby the breakingof shunt :paths around said-resistanc'esa' 'lilrese *re'sistan'ces havea value predetermined with respect to the adjustment of the contacts ofthe voltmeter relayi *Under th'ewontrol of the" movable contactsofrel'ays -11 to '17 inclusive, are' a series-of normallyenergizedrelays 411, t2 and 43 Which by their rnova'blecontacts -47, 48' and 49in turn control resistances 445, and' l'ii whieh are ineluded thespeeific arrangement showrf, :1 esistanee tance 45 twice the value of'resistance in order to obtain various combmations of these threeresistances taken sep'arately or together-that will-give seven equalvsteps in the' increase or decreaseol the 'ameunt of resistance in thefilament' circuit} since 111 the -specific embodiment" shown; sevensteps are? Provided for "the increase or decrease in the*1resistance' inthe circuit i of the voltmeter relay' Winding. The manner in and windingof relay'lfi' ground. The closing of'the above d'eserlbed'circuit'energizes relay 10 which pullsup' its movable contact and closes" thefollowing circuit: from. ground, movable contact'ofh'elay10,conductor'62, movable contact '63, conductor 64], winding of relay 1'1,conductor 65; windin of relay 21 'to battery and ground. This energizesrelay 1l=whi cli pulls upitsm'ov able'contact'67- andis locked, up overthe following circuit: from ground an'd bat t'ty, winding Orkney-'21,conductor "65,

eration of relay 10.

winding of relay ll, movable contact 67,, coniiluctors 68, 69 andmovable contact Tl) of relay 115 to ground. The energization of relay 11also serves to pull over its movable contact 51 thereby breaking theshortcir'cuit around resistance 31 so that the closedc rcuit for thewinding of the voltmeter relay may be traced from ground,

'b'attery'2; winding of voltmeter relay 8, conductor 50, resistance 31and movable contacts 52 to 57 inclusive to ground. If the addition ofresistance 31 is suiiicient to counter-balance the increase in thevoltage ofsource 2, the needle of the voltmeter relay will return toneutral position and thusopeIr thecircuit' formerly closed by the op- Asthe relay 11 was locked up as formerly pointed out, it holds open thefollowing normally closed circuit 'by-pulling up its lower movablecontact 71: iroin ground, movable contact 71, conductor '72, movablecontact-73, conductor 74, movablecontact l'b, conductors 76 and 77,winding ofireiay 41 tobattery'and ground. The opening of thi's'circuit'by the energization of' relay 11, deenergizes relay 41 andopens the 'shnnt' aroun'd resistance t' which nor- -mally 'c0nsists ofconductors 79,80, movable contact l? and conductor 81; he beatingf'circuit for the filament of the vacuum tubes 39'an'd 40 may then betraced as follows from ground, fi laments S2 and 83, chokecoil-84,-eonductor 85, normally closed movable contact 49, conductor'86,

normally closed movable contact -18, conductors 87 and 79, resistance4%,adjustable resistance 88 to battery 2and ground. Thus it is apparentthat the deenergization of relay ll has added resistance 4A to the workcircuit'to counterbalance the increase in voltage of battery 2 therebypreventing an v increase in the'value ofthe heating currentt'or thefilaments 82 and 83. After the relay 11 has pulled up its three movablecontacts and has been locked th rough the circuit described above, theslow-acting relay 21 attracts its movable contact (53 so as todisconncct'the windings of relays 11 and 21 from the armature of relay10 and to connect instead the windings of relays12 and 22 theretothrough conductors 9t and 89, movable contact QO, conductor 91, movablecontact 63 to the movable contact oi? relay 10. This change thereforemakes relays l2 and'22 responsive to the energizetion oi =relay 10. a

it the addition o't'the resistance 31 to the circuit including thevoltmeter relay 3 is notsuflicient to counterbalance the increase inthe'voltage of the battery 2, the'needle ot' the voltmeter relay'w-i'llnot returntoneutral position but will remain deflected" to the right andthe'relay 10 will remain energized' anfd after the slow-acting; relay 21has changedthe'relay underthecontrol of relay E555? AVAlLABLL-l 10 fromrelay 11 to relay 12, the following circuit will be closed: from ground,movable contact of relay 10, conductor 62, movable contact 63, conductor91, movable contact '90, conductor 89, winding of relay 12, conductor-94, winding ofrelay, 22 to battery and ground. The closing of thiscircuit will energize relay 12 which will pull up its arinatures andbecomelockedup over the following circuit: from ground and battery,winding of relay 22, conductor 94, winding of relay 12, movable contact95, conductors 96 and 69 to movable contact of relay 115 and ground.Theactuation of relay 12 by pulling up its armature 52 opens theshort-circuit around resistance 32 so that the circuit ofthe,'voltmeter. relay winding may now be traced from ground, battery 2,winding of voltmeter relay 3, conductor 50, resistances 31, 32 andmovable contacts 53 the slow-acting relay 22 pulls up its lowera-rmature90 so as to remove the control of relay 10 from relay 12 to relay 13 byincluding the winding of relay 13 by the following circuit: from movablecontact of relay 10, conductors 62, 91, movable contact 90, conductor110, movable contact 111, conductor 112, winding of relay 13, conductor7 113, winding of relay 23 to battery and ground. lVinding of relay 22by pulling up its movable contact 114 removes the looking circuit forrelay 11 from under the control of movable contact 70 of relay 115 bycausing relay 11 to be locked up instead to 57 inclusive, to ground.,Thus the circuit; over the following circuit: from ground, and

of, the voltmeter relay winding now includes resistance 32 ,as well asresistance 31. If theaddition. of these two resistances is sufiicient tocounter-balance the rise in voltage of battery 2, theneedle of the,voltmeter-relay will return-to neutral position and thus open thecircuit formerly closedby the Operation of relay 10. 1

'As the relay.12-was;locked up, asifornierly pointed out, its lowermovable contact 97 has been pulled over to close the following circuit:from ground, movable contact 97, conductors 98, 99, movable contact 7 3,conductor 74, movable contact 75, conductors 76, 77, winding of relay 41to battery and ground. The closing of this circuit energizes relay 41whichpulls over its movable contact 47 to close the shunt path aroundresistance 44. From the pullingup of the, armature of the movablecontact 97:of relay 12 the following normally; closed circuit is opened:from ground, movable contact 97, conductor 102, movable contact 103,conductors 104 and 105, winding of relay 42 vto battery and ground. Theopening of this circuit deenergizes relay.42,thereby releasing itsmovable contact 48 and consequently opening the shunt path aroundresistance 45 which normally includes conductor 106, movablecontact 48,and conductors 87 and 79. The cnergization of relay 12 thereforedeenergizes relay 42 to open the shunt path around resistance 45 andsubsequently energizes relay 41 to close the shunt path aroundrcsistance 44. The heatingcircuit for filaments 32 and 83 may now betraced as follows: from ground, filaments 82and 83, choke coil 84,conductor 85, movable. contact 49, conductors 86 and 106, resistance 45,conductors 79 and 80, movable contact 47 conductor 81, resistance 88- tobattery and ground. Thus it is seen that the energizatiorilof relay 12short-circuits resistance 44 and automatically puts instead in theheating circuit battery, winding of relay 21, conductor 65, winding ofrelay 11, movable contact 67,

conductor .68, movable contact 114 to ground.

Thus it is seen that the energization of relay 11 ceases to be under.the control of relay 115 when relays 12 and 22 have been energized. I v

However, if theincrease in the voltage ,of

source 2 has not been counter-balanced by including in the voltmetercircuit, the resistance elements 31 and 32, the voltmeter relay needlewill not return to neutral position,

but will remain deflected to the right. Ac-

cordingly, relay 10 will keep its movable contact pulled over and afterslow-acting relay 22 has operated will energize relays 13 and 23 overthe following circuit: from ground, movable contact of relay 10, contact63, conductors 91, 110, movable contact 111,

conductor 112, winding of relay 13, conductor 113, winding of relay 23to battery and ground. The closing of th1s circuit will onergize relay13 which will pull up its movable contacts and become locked'up over theclosing of the following circuit: from ground and battery, winding ofrelay 23, conductor 113, winding of relay 13, movable contact 120,conductors 121 and 69 to movable contact 70 of relay to ground. Theactuation of relay 13 also serves to open the short-circuit around theresistance 33 thcreby increasing the amount of resistance in the circuitof the winding of the voltmeter relay. If the addition of resistance 33is sufli cient to counter-balance the change in the voltage of source 2,the voltmeter relay needle will return to neutral. position anddcenergize relay 10.

Since relay 13 has been locked up, the closing of its movable contact 73breaks the following normally closed circuit: ground, movable contact97, conductors 98, 99, movable contact 73, conductor 74, movable contact75, conductors 76, 77, winding of relay 41. to battery and ground. Theopening of this circuit decnergizes relay 41 and consequently opens theshunt path around resistance 44. Theenergization of relay 13, how ever,does not effectrelay 42 which has been previously deenergized by theoperation of relay 12so that with the operation of relay 13,-the heatingcircuit {or filaments 82 and 83 includes resistance '44 as well asresistance 45, which was previously added.

Subsequent to the operation of relay 13, relay 23 operates to pull overits movable contact 111 to change .the'control of relay 10 from relay 13to relay 14, by making the following circuit: movable contact ot'relay10 conductors 62', 91, 110, 124,1novable contact 125,conductor 126,winding otrelay 14, conductor128, winding ,of relay'24 to battery andground. The operation of relay 23, by pulling up its movable contact127, removes the control otthe locking circuit of relays 12 and 22 fromunder the control of the movable contact 70 b"lOCl Z 1I1g;'tl1 6S6relays instead over the following circuit: ground and tt n, windi g o 312 .99I I I windin off relay .12, 'n 1oyable' contact 95 end r: was n tale area .1 7 e's Relay 12'therefore ceases to'be' under the control ofmovable contact 70 when relays 13 and 23 have been energ'ize dQ If theaddition otresistances 31, 32 and 33 does not counter balance' thechange in voltage of source 2,'th e voltmeter relay needle will remaindeflected". to the right and relay 10 will energize relays 14 and 24.-Relay 14 will be locked up over contact of relay 115 and will includeresistance 34 in circuit with the windinggot' the voltmeter relay. Thepulling up of the movable contact 129 of relay 14willfopen the followingcircuit: ground, movable contact 129, con- 'ductors.130.f131, winding ofrelay 43 to battery and ground. The opening ot this circuit willdeenergize relay 43 and consequently break the shunt path aroundresistance 46 which normallyconsists-ot conductor 85. movable contact49, conductors S6 and 106. The pulling up of movable'contact 129 willalso close the following circuit: ground, movable contact 129,conductors 132, 133, movable contact 103. conductors 104, 105, windingof relay 42 to battery and ground. The pulling up oi movable contact 129also closes the following additional circuit: ground. movablecont-M11129, conductors 132, 135, 136, movable contact 137. conductor138, lllOVflhtG contact 73. conductor 74, movable contact 75..conductors 76. 77, winding oi relay 41 to battery and ground. Thus it isseen that the operation of the. relay 14 denergizes relay 43 so'thatresistance 46 is added to the heating circuit of filaments 82 and 33.Relays 41 and 42 are also energized to close shunt paths aroundresistances 44 and 45 so that with the operation'ot the relay 14, onlyresistance ,0 is included in the filament heating circuit. Resistance40, as stated above, is equal to tour times the value oi? resistance 44.

After relay 14 has been energized, relay.

24 will operate to include the winding of relay 15 in circuit withthemovable contact of relay 10 and willalso operate to remove thelocking circuit for relay 13'trom under the control of the movablecontact of relay 115. I

If the'voltage of source 2increases still further, relay 1 0 will. causerelay 15 to be energized which will include resistance 35 in circuitwith the voltmetenrelay winding so as to counter-balance the increase involtage of source 2. The energization of relay 15 will also open thefollowing. normally closed circuit: ground, movable contact 129conductors 132, 135, 136, movable contact 137, conductor 138, movablecontact 73, conductor 74. movable contact 75, conductors .76 and 77,winding, of relay 41 to battery ano ground. The opening iotjthisicircuit 'deenergizes relay 41 and causes resistance to beincludedin the filament heating circuit so that with the operation ofrelay 15. resistances 44 and 46 are included in the filament circuit,while the shunt path around resistance 45 remains closed.

The actuation of relay 16 will by circuits similar to those alreadytraced add resist.- ance 36 to the voltmeter circuit. will keep open theshunt around'resistance 46. will open the shunt around resistance 45 andwill close the shunt around resistance 44, so that for the sixth .step.in the operation ot the regulator resistances 46 and 45 will be includedin the filament heating circuit while resistance 44 is short-circuited.

The operation of relay 17 will include resistance 37 in circuit with thewinding of the voltmeter relay, will leave open the shunts toresistances 45 and 46 and will. open the shunt to resistance 44, so thatall three resistances 44, 45 and 46 are included in the filamentheating-circuit.

It is therefore seen that in the specific embodiment shown seven stepsare providedfor increasing'the resistance in .the work circuitor'filament heating circuit for keepto control resistances 149,150 and151 which may be includedone or more at a time in thefilament heatingcircuit of tubes 152 and 158. these resistances'being proportioned toeach other in the same manner as resist- BEST AVAlLABlE CC)? ances 44,and 46. It is apparent that the main comiuctors 7 6, 104 and 130 may beconnected to other sets of relays similar to the set 41, 42 and 43 forcontrolling through the movable contacts of each set, the amount ofresistance in still otherfilament circuits. Thus an additional set ofrelays 154, 155 and 156 is shown connected respectively to leads 76, 104and 130 for controlling through their movable contacts the amount ofresistance added to the filament heating circuits of other vacuum tubessuch as 157, 160 and 158, 159. It is obvious that a very large number ofsets of relays such as set 154, 155 and 156 may be connected to the mainconductors 76 and 104, 130, all of the sets being controlled by theoperation of relays 111 to 17 inclusive.

From the above described operation, it is seen that any rise in voltageof battery 2 which may be encountered may be compensated for to limitthecurrent flow in the work circuit comprising the filaments of the vacuumtube repeaters. The current Fflow can be maintained within any desiredlimits by the use of a suitable number of-steps, since it is obviousthat this invention is not I limited to the use of. only seven steps inthe operation and that the number of steps may be increased or decreasedto meet the particular requirements of the work circuit to becontrolled.

The above description describes the operation of the system forincreases in voltage. A reversal of the process will occur if thevoltage should fall in value. If, after the resistances 31 to 37 have.been included in the voltmeter relay circuit and resistances 44, 45 and46 have been included in the work circuit, the voltage of the source 2should fall, the system operates to successively cut out of circuit,resistances 37, 36, etc., until the decrease in voltage has beencounter-balanced. At the same. time a corresponding value of theresistance in the filament heating circuit is cut out to keep thecurrent therethrough from decreasing.

'lhe manner in which the system operates for decrease in voltage maybe'cxplained as follows: Suppose, for example, that the voltage ofsource 2 has increased to such a value that relays 11, 12 and 13 havebeen ener-- gized to include resistances 31, 32 and 33 in the circuit ofthe voltmeter relay winding in order to bring back voltmeter needle 4 toneutral position; and at the same time resistances and 45 have beenadded to the filament circuit to maintain the filament current constant.Under this assumption, relays 21 to 23 inclusive would also have beenenergized so that the movable contact of rel-av 10 is now connected tothe winding o relay which is the next in series and disconnected fromthe winding of relay 13.

As has been traced before, relay 13 under these conditions is locked upover the following circuit: from ground, and battery, winding of relay23, conductor 113, winding of relay 13, movable contact 120, conductor121 and 69 to movable contact of relay 115 and ground. It now thevoltage of source 2 should decrease, the voltmeter needle would bedeflected to the left and make contact with contact 6 thereby completingthe following circuit: from ground, battery 2, resistance 7 conductor58, contact 6, conductor 165, winding of relay 115 to ground. Thecompletion of this circuit energizes relay 115 which pulls up itsmovable contact 70 thereby opening the locking circuit for relays 13 and23 and deenergizing these relays. The deenergization of relay 13 causesmovable contact 53 to shortcircuit resistance 33 thereby decreasing theamount of resistance in circuit with the voltmeter relay winding.

If this reduction in resistance in the circuit of the voltmeter relaywinding is sufficient to counter-balance the decrease of voltage ofsource 2, the needle of the voltmeter relay will return to neutralposition and no '1urther operation of the series of relays willtake'place. 'The'deenergization of relay 13 also closes the followingcircuit: from ground, movable contact 97 of relay 12, conductors 98, 99,movable contact 73, conductor 74, movable contact 75, conductors 7 6,77, winding of relay 41 and battery to ground. The completion of thiscircuit ene gizes relay 41 which pulls over its movable contacts andcloses the shunt path about.

resistance 44 thereby decreasing the resist ance in the filament heatingcircuit in pro portion to the reduction of the resistance in the circuitincluding the voltmeter relay winding.

The deenergization of relay 23 allows its armature 111 to fall back soas to put the winding of relay 13 under the control of the movable.contact of relay 10 so that relay 13 may again be energized in case thevoltage oi source 2 should increase. The falling back of armature 127 ofrelay 23 breaks the locking circuit for relays 12 and 22 which consistedof ground, battery, winding of relay 22, conductor 94, winding of relay12, movable contact 95, conductor 96, movable contact 127 to ground,thereby causing the locking circuit for these relays to be tracedinstead from conductor 96 to conductor 69 and movable contact 70 toground. This change of the locking circuit places relays 12 and 22 underthe control of the movable contact 70 of relay 115.

' If the decrease in voltage of source 2 has not been counter-balancedby the unlocking of relay 13 and the subtraction from the voltmeterrelay circuit of the resistance 33, the needle of the voltmeter relaywill remain deflected to the left and hold closed the circuit thron -hthe winding of relay 115. The attraction or movable contact of relay 115will then break the locking circuit just described for relays .12 and22thereby deenergizing these two relays. .The deen' ergization of relay 12will allow movable contact 52-to fall back so as to short-circuitresistance 32 thereby decreasing the resistance in the voltmeter relaycircuit. The talling back of movable contact 97 01 relay 12 opens thefollowing circuit: fromground, movable contact 97, conductors 98,;99,movable contact 73, conductor 74, movable contact 75, conductors 76,7'7, windingoi relay 41 to battery and ground. The l'alling back ofmovable contact 97 also closes the following circuit :y from ground,movable contact- 97, conductor 102, movable contact 103, conductors104:. and 105, winding-ofrelay'a2 to battery and ground. The opening ofthe circuitincluding relay all will. deenergize'this relay and openthe-short-circuit for-resistance 4st. The making- 0f the circuitincluding the winding of relay- 42 Vl1l close {the short-circuit forresistance lo. It therefore follows that when relay 12--is deenergized,only resistance 4.4 isincluded in'the heating circuit of thefilaments.

The deenergization. of relay 22 causesthe winding of relay 12.to be putunder the 'control of relay 10 by closing the following circuit: movablecontact-of relay 10, conductor 62, movable contact-.63, conductor 91,movable contact 9.0,. conductor 89 to .the winding of relay, 12, so thatrelay 12 may be energizedagain incase the voltage of source 2. shouldincrease. The falling back of movable contact 1140frelay places relays11 and 21 under the control of relay 115 by locking the two relays overthe following circuit: from ground and battery, winding of relay 21.conductor 65, winding of relay 11. movable contact 67, conductors 6S and(39 to movable contact 70 and ground.

it the voltage of source 2 shoulddeer-raise still further, relay. 11will lie decnergizcd cutting out resistance 31 in the voltmeter relaycircuit and resistance 4 1 in the filament circuit. Or it, on the otherhand, after the deenergiza-tion of relay 12, the voltage of source 2should increase, relay 12 would .be energized, resistance 32 would beincluded inthe voltmeter relay circuit and resistance 45, insteadresistance 14, would be included in the filament heating circuit.

This progression in either direction follows from the fact .that at. anytime in the operation of the system, the last one ofthe relays 11 to 17inclusive that is energized is under the control of relay 115, sothatthe actuation of relay 115 for a decrease in voltage may serve todecrease the resistance in the voltmeter relay circuit and the filamentheating circuit; and also the relay next in advance of the lastenergized relay of A f/K13 3 E (if)? the series 11 to 17 inclusive isunder the control of relay 10, so that further actuation of relay 10 mayincrease the resistance in the voltmeter relay circuit and the filamentheating circuit for a further increase in voltage. For example, ifrelays 11 to-1 1inclusive and 21to 24 have been energized, ,relays 14and 2eare under the control of relay 115 since the. locking circuitforthe tworelays includes the-movable contact of relay 115. Similarly, .therelays 15 ands25 which are the-next two iii-advance to relays 14 and 2wouldlbe underthe control of relay 10. It the voltage of source 2 shouldthen be in- Ql83.S8Cl,11'6l3;yS 15-. and 25 would be energized, while ifthe voltage of source 2- was decreased, relays 142 and 2 1 would-bedeengized. f v

In order to prevent any sudden change .in current due' to the opening'orclosing of the movable contacts from injuring-the contactsotstherelaysiassociated with the main COl ldllCtOrSi76 H1O4: .and';130,s each ot,:these conductors is provided with an alternatingcurrent pathiito ground 'consistingi respectively of resistance,- 166and condenser 167, resistance rlfi8z-and-condenser 169, and resist ance170 andcondenser 171.

While this'vin vention has :been disclosed iii-particular forms-whichhave been found desirable, it will be understood that it maylie-embodied in many and-widely different .torms without departing fromthe spirit of this invention, as defined in "the appended claims.

' What is cl-aimed'is:

1; In: a'system of) distribution, a source of electrical energy," aconductor connected thereto including-a plurality of resistanceelements, shunta paths about said resistances, anotherconductorconnected to said source including a voltmeter and a plurality 0tresistance elements, short circuits about said second mentionedresistance, a series of relays, locking circuits for said relays, shortcircuits about the windings of said relays. means under the control ofsaid voltmeter for operating said relays and closing said lockingcircuits one at .a time in order,

.means under the control of said voltmeter for closing said-secondmentioned short cir- .cuits and unlocking said relays one at a time in areverse order, and means under the con trol of said relays for openingor closing said shunt paths and said first mentioned short circuits. v

2. The method of regulating wherein is employed a circuit to beregulated, a regulating element forsaid circuit, a second regulatingelement for said circuit, a control means. for said elements, a secondcontrol means for said elen'ients, said method comprising controllingsaid first mentioned element at times in response to said firstmentioned means, and at other times controlling BEST AVAllABLE CG? sald.element fo r an increase .in voltage,

transferring the CQILlJIOl ,QffStld eleinentto a e @nd gr ns-afte a d; iea :in

voltage, ,and caii'sing said second .means .to operate said-elementzfora decrease in volte: r

The-method, of correcting for changes in yoltage pi a circuit wherein isemployed a regulating-element; for-said circuit, a second regulatingelement forisaid circuit,; a-

control; means for said elements, a second control .ineans-f for; said;elements, said vfirst mentioned means normally controlling said firstelement, said method comprising causing first, mentioned.;means tooperate sa d first; element for; 1 ant ncrease -lI1 -voltage,

transferring the controlof; said first-element to said second,means.after said increasein vdlta ge lacingifsaid second element .under thecontrol of said first means and causing said first means to,.operatesaid second element fora further increase in Voltage.

5, A regulator comprising aregulating element a plurality of relays forcontrolling said element, one of said relaysbeing slow acting andconnections wherebythe energination of. said slow acting relay operatesanotherof said relays. i

6. Thecoinbinationof a solenoid, a regulating ,ClQIIIGDt COHt-IOllBdthereby, an impcdancefor. connection in or out of circuit with saidsolenoid, and a slow-acting relay controlling said impedance. saidimpedance remaining attiines in circuit with said solenoid when saidsolenoid is subjected to current ineffective to'produce regulation.

7. The combination of a solenoid, a regulating element controlledthereby, a resistance for :connection in or out of circuit with saidsolenoid, a relay adapted to be made responsive to said solenoid forcontrolling saidmesistance, and means comprising a slow acting relayforgplacilig said first relay under the control of said solenoid.

S. A .yoltageresponsive regulator comprising thecombination'ot' asolenoid, a resistance-controlled thereby, an impedance for .varying thecurrent through said solenoid, and a slow-acting relay controlling saidresistance and said impedance;

9. The combination of a solenoid. a Work circuit. a resistance in saidwork circuit controlled by said soleiioid,-a second i'esist ofcorrecting .for .rhaiiges ance forcoiinection in or out of circuit withsaid solenoid, a relay adapted to be made responsive to said solenoidlorcontrolling said second resistance, and means comprising a slow-actingrelay for placing said first relay under the control of said solenoid.

10. A regulator comprising the combination of a circuit, resistanceelements of relative rahies l, 2 and 4t, andineans responsive to acondition of said circuit to combine said 4 resistances for uniformgraduation.

11. The combination of a circuit, a pinrality oi non-un formly gradedimpedance elements adapted to be connectedin saidcircuit, and: automaticmeans :tor. connectingsaid impedance elements in said circuit ingraduation thereof. 1 y 12. The combination of a circuit, a source ofvoltage in sa d circuit, a plurality of nonuniformly graded impedancesuch combinations as to provide a uniform elements adapted to beconnected in said circuit, and v automatic means responsive .to thevoltage? of said circuit for, connecting said impedance. elements insaid circu t. in such combinations as to provide a uniforingraduationthereof.

v3.3. The combinationoi' a circuit, asource of voltage in said circuit,means responsive to the voltage of said circuit for maintainingsubstantially constant theij-jcurrent in said circuit, said meanscomprising a plurality of non-uniformly graded impedance elements, andmeans comprising ,a,

series of relays for connecting said impedance elements in sa dcircuit-in such, com,-

binations as to providea uniform graduation thereof.

14. The combination of a circuit, a-source of voltage insaid circuit,means responsive.

to the voltage of said circuit for maintainiiig substantially constantthe current in said circuit, said means comprising :1 vvoltmeterresponsive to the voltage of said circuit, a plurality ol nonuiiitornilvgraded. impedance elements adapted to he connected in said circuit, andmeans comprising a series of relays for connecting said impedanceelements in said circuit in such C0111- binations as to provide auniform graduation thereof.

The combination of a circuit, a source of voltage in said circuit, meansresponsive to the voltage of said circuit for maintain- .ingsubstantially constant the current in said circuit, said meanscomprising a series of impedance elements, each of said impedanceelements, less one of the series. hav ing a value substantiallydoublethe impedance of another of said impedance elements. andmeans-coinprisiug a series relays for connecting said impedanceelements: in said circuit in such combinations as to provide :1 uniformgraduation thereof.

16. The combination of a circuit com;

lay of another set of said relays."

17. The combination of a circuit containing a source of voltage, andmeans responsive to the voltage in said circuit for maintainingsubstantially constant the current in said circuit, said meanscomprising a voltmeter, a series of relays for said circuit,

a-s'eries of slow-acting relays for said-cir-'- cuit, movable contacts.for saidrelays, a plurality of resistance units controlled by saidrelays,- said voltmeter'control'ling at one time a' setofrelays-comprising one relay from each of said series, and a lockingcircuit for one of said relays of the set "underthe control of saiddevicecomprisi'n'g a another set et said r'el ays,

18. A regulator comprising a'solenoid, a source of energizing current-for said" solenoid, an'eIement controlled by said solenoid, and meansfor automatically"changing the "calibration of said solenoidan amountdependent 'upon the intensity of the energizing force suppliedto saidsolenoid, said means comprising impedance elements in series with saidsolenoid and movable contacts-individual to said elements.

19."=A"regulator comprising a solenoid, an element controlled thereby, asource of energizing current for said solenoid,- means for automaticallychanging the calibration of said solenoid an amount dependent upon theintensitv of the energizing force supplied to said solenoid, said meanscompris ing impedance elements' and movable contarts individual thereto,solenoids tor said contacts and connections whereby'said solenoids arecontrolled by said first men tioned solenoid. I l

'20. The combinationof a circuit containing a source of voltage and anelectroresponsive device, and means comprisinga plurality of relaysresponsive tochangcs in said source of voltage for changingthecalibration of said device, each ofa plurality of said relays having aplurality of movable contacts.

21. The combination of a circuit containing an electro-responsivedeviceand a source of voltage, a series-of relays 'for said circuit, a seriesof slow-actingrelays for said circuit, movable contacts for said relays.regulating elements controlled by said relays. said device controllingat one-[time a set of relays comprising a relay from. each of saidseries, and means comprising a movmeans, and control 'ne'a' movable,contact of a slow-acting relay-of ,JEST AVAlLABLE C-I'JPv able contactcontrolled-by one cf the relays of the set normally under-the controlotsaid device for removing said last-named set from the control of saiddevice and forplacinganother-set under the control 0t said device- Aregulator comprising an'electro-rcsponsive device, a plurality' of seiies of so lenoids= controlled thereby for progressive operation, and ian armature: contrbl'led by 7 5 one of said' solenoids to removeasolenoid of each-serles" fro'nrthe contact of sard de'vic and to placeanother solenoid of each series under the control thereof:

23. A regulator comprising' an electro-r SPQIISIVG device," a pluralityof 'serie's of lenoids' controlled thereby fo'r' progressive operation,and an armature, controlled by each -solenoid of; one series to Temove'asoledev'ice and }t o p'lafce' aiiother soleii o ol each series under'the control thereof A regulator? comprisihg regulating tlici-e'ilioi".com1 s ing a plurality of seriesofjrelays foi'ipro gressi-veloperation and -coniiectionsfu ifeieby correspondingTelays "o'f eachseries are? se u'entiall-y op rated to vary the effectiveness ofsaid'regulating means.- 1 i i 2-3.-'A regulator comprising a pluralityof series- =of =relays for progressive operationli and connections lwhereby corresponding Tclaysl' of; each' series "are sequei1tially "bperate regulating elements-and control means there?" for coinprising aplurality ofSeries-bf re: lays torprogressive operation; and" connedtions whereby corresponding relaysof ach' series are sequentiallyoperated to vai=yuie effectiveness of said regulating eleme'nts.

27. The combinati-oniof' 'a pluralityfof \vm-k circuits', and meanstor-holding substanti all y constant thd 'currentin saidf fworharmatures individual meter; saidsolenoiclhaving a plurality of armaturesindividual to Said circuits.

29n'r reg-ulator comprising an elcctroresponsive 'device,-a plurality ofrelays controlled thereby for progressive operation, v

connections from said'relays, and a pluraL 12 ity of circuits to beregulated, said circuits lacing responsive to the electrical conditionof said ccnnection'si 30. A regulator comprising'a voltage rcsponsivedevice, a plurality of i-elaysron- 260A regulator comprising'a pluralityof. 100

ESE"

{rolled thereby for progressive .operat-ion,

(,i'lDllQi'llOZlS from said relays, and'aplurality. of circuits to beregulated. said circuits bcing IQSPOIlSl-YBI-lO the electricalcondition-of said connections. s

3i. solenoid, an energizingcircuit therefor, a plurality of relayscontrolled by said solenoid, regulating element controlled by saidrelays, one of said-relays operating only: for an increase in theenergizution ofsaid, solenoid. another oi -said relays operating; onlyfor a decrease thereof, and meansfor, autoinaticallyvarying thecalibration ofsaid solenoid in response tochanges in the energizingClIClllbOf said solenoid.

32. A voltageresponsivei-regulator C0mprising a solenoid, an energizingcircuit for said solenoid, a plurality otrelays controlled by saidsolenoid. a regulating-clement';controlled by said relays, one ofsaidrelays operating only for an increasein' the energize tion of saidsolenoid, another 'oiisaidlree lays operating only for adecreasethereof, and ineanscon'trolled by saidisolenoidior varying thecalibration ofsaidsolenoida 33. A regulator --comprisingi ,:a solenoidplurality of relays controlled ithe'rebyg',

nections whereby one of.saidnrelaysaoper ates for an increaseinrtheenergl'zation of said solenoid, another of-said relays -;operating for a decrease in the energization ofsaid solenoid, a seconds'olenoid, =,contr0lledfiat times by one of said relays and other ,-t'1n1es controlled bysaid second solenoid-p.v Q 4. ln a system ofdistribution, a source-oi voltage, a plurality of-Worlracircuits con-fnected to said source, variable resistances-individual to said circuits,means comprising a relay havingan armature and responsive to an increasein "voltage in'said-source for increasing the value of said resistancesand means comprising a second relay having an armatureindependently.movable .of said first armature and responsive to adecrease in voltage of said source 'tor'dccreasing the value of saidresistances. 35. In a system of distribution, a source of voltage, aplurality of .workcircuitsfconnected in shunt to said source,variable're-.

sistances included in said circuits and individual to said circuits,means for ma1ntain-' ing substantially constant the current in said workcircuits, said means COIIllJllSlTlgAI rew lay having an armature andcomprisingv means responsivelo an increase in voltage of said source forincreasing the value-'ot'said resistances, and means coinprising a relayhaving an armature independently movable of said first armatureand-responsive to a decrease in voltage of saidsource for de creasingthe value of said resistances. f!

86; Ina system of distribution -a -source of voltage, a plurality-ofivorlc circuits con nected in shunt to-said sourceza plurality of.

a said other relay, and aregrilatirig element summers 6GP resistances ineach of said circuits iandin dividual to said circu ts, said resistancesbeing adapted to bemade estee -0 inefiective in said circuits. meansresponsive to a decrease in voltage of said.sourceiorrender-.

ingineflfective aresistance in each of said I circuits, and meansresponsive, to an increase in voltage-of said sourcefor rendering efiec-Jive a resistance in each of said circuits. 37. Ina systenrof; idistrbutiom a source of voltage, a plurahty of work .cireuits con rent in,voltage i se dsourse-f -rend r r ene .ssistance imeaclr iot saidcircuits 38. Ina-system of d' is aneeiel ments i s e c isa g l cu s :foneach of,saidresistance si herebyeach reresponsive, to changes ,yoltageof said source: for holding substantially constant,the curr nt in saidcircuits. said means compris lug-automaticrmeans for controlling theshunt. paths ,of saidresistance elements. g

;,.of voltage, a plurality of work circuits con- .-,necte d;-inshunttosaid source, aplurality of.

1 resistance.elements'in each of said circuits and individual tosaidcircuits a shunt path 1 foreacluof said. resistances whereby ,eachresistance may be made ineffective,.nieans for holding substantiallyconstant the current in said circuits,-said meanscomprisingelectromagnetic .means responsive to an increase I ,in voltage of saidsource forv opening said shunt paths, and electromagneticv meansresponsive to ajdeoreasein voltagegof said source tor-closing said shuntpaths.

\*oltage,.-a"Wor-k circuit connected to said source and containinga.plurality of resist- 1. ance elements, a voltmeter in circuit with saidsource, means for clianging'the calibre;

tions in said source, shunt paths fol-said re 'sistances, and a'pluralityoi; electromagnetic uneans controlled by said voltmeter forsuccessively-controlling a plurality of said shunt paths. v

41. Ina system distribution, source of voltage,-aplurality ofresistanceelements, a wvorlr circuit containing said source and .39. Inapsystenrof distribution, a source 40. Ina system ofd-istribution, asource of.

ftion of said voltmeter in response to varia- Ad -1, fi .m geu pluyc-ofisverl i c on-i a ted its-shu qz ai sell se, a l r litiof dvidualto said a use shunt path sistance nay beniade .inefiective, andmeans said resistance elements, a -voltmeter incit and said resistances,electromagnetic nieans re's'pons'i "e "to said voltmeter for controllii'g the successive opening 'of said" shunt paths for an inertia e involtage, and electromagnetic me ans responsive us said 'oltm'ete'i forcontrollin'g the successive closing" of said sliunt paths-for adecreas'e'involtage. Ida system of distributidm-a' source of voltage, a'j-yoltineter relay, a plurality of; resistance elements? source, saidreliiffiliidaiid resistances, shiiiit paths for s'aidi'ies'i stan 1 chaging thecalibration of 'saidrelay contrbllinglthe easiest I me .iiscomprising electromagnetic means'ire; spons'i'vet'osaidvolt'meter'iorcontrolliiig"the opening of said shii it paths' 'for an increase in wae; and 'elcti oniap'gnetic }niean's'=re= spons iveto'saidvoltmeterforcontrolliiig the hunt paths for a decrease 'in' closing ofsaid voltage.

circuit containing "said source, "said resist ance'and said voltmeter, ashunt. pa'tlfifor said resistance. means under the control of a contactof said voltmeter for closing said shunt path, and' ineaiis under thecontrol of another Contact ofs'aid voltmeter for opening said shuntpath;

In a system of distribution, a source of voltage, a voltmeter, aplurality of resistance elements, a circuit c'ont'ainingsaid sour'ce,'t.he\vinding of said voltmeter and" said resistances, a'plurali'ty of relays, a"

shunt path fo'r each said resistances com prising a"-rnovable contacto'fone' of'said relaysjelectromagnetic means under the con trol-of saidvoltmeter for controlling said relays for an increase ;involtage-"ot'said source, and electromagnetic means underthe control of"said'voltnieter for controlling said rela'ys for a decrease in voltage.

46. In asystem of distribution, a source of voltage, a voltmeter, alplurality of'-resistance eleinents,"a circuit containing said source,tlie Winding of said voltmeter and' said resistances, a plurality ofdeenergizedrelays, a sliunt'path for each o'f'said resistancescomprising a movable contact of one of said relays, electromagneticmeans under the control of a"cont'a ct-o'f said'voltmeter in} voltage"of said source, arrdele'c ctic ineiins responsive to said volt-" uitcontaining said a system of distribution, a source of voltage,aresistanee, a voltmeter, a Work A fAlLABLE for successively energizingsaid relays for an increase involtag'e ol sai'd source, andelectromagnetic means under the control of another contact e f-saidvoltmeter for successively deenergizing said relays'tor a decreaseinvoltageof' said source.

47;In asyst'e'm ofdistribution, a source of voltage, a- 'voltmeter,'-:aTplurality ofresistance"ele'ments,' a circuit containing said source,said "resistance elements and the Winding of said voltmeter, apluralityof relaysfuneansj comprising one of said relays for short circuitihgeach of said resistances," automatic fmeans responsive to said voltmeterfor progressively operating said relays in predetermined order in onedirection, and automatic means for locking each of 'said'iela ys a'ftereach relay has operated. 4821'11 a system of 'distribution," a source ofvoltage," a voltmeter in rcircuit with said source,apluialitymfrresistance elements, a ciifouiteontain'in 'said sourc, and'said resis'tar'fce" element -a plurality 'of -relays, m'eaiis' 'oomrising one .i'of saidrelays for short circu- 'ing reach rot? sai dresistances, automatic meansrforprogressively operating said relays in apredetermined order in one direction-to compensate for changes involtage df sa'id "source; and? means :for: insuring 1 the progressivereverse operation of said Y,\' I ,5: v i 493111 a system ofdistribution, a source of voltage, 'a voltmeter in circuit with saidsource,'--a plurality of resistance elements, a circuit containing-saidsource and said 'resist'ances,- a plurality-of relays, a shunt path foreach of said-resistances comprising a 'niovablm'contactpf one ota=saiclrelays, electromagnetic-means responsive to said volmeter' forcontrolling one of'said iela-lys, and automatic means for removing saidlast men tioned relay from the control of'said' electroma netieineans,and for placing-another of sa'i relays under the control of saidelectroma'gntic means wherebyfluctuations in the volt-age otsaid sourcemay be compensated. w

'50; In a system of distribution, a source of voltiige, a voltmeterin'circuit with said source, a 'plurality of resistance elements, acircuitmont'aining saidis'ourceand said resistances, 'a-sries-of relaysadapted to be operated successively in either 'direction, a shunt path'for each of said resi stances coin prisinga'mova'b'le contactoi' oneotwsaul relays, electromagnetic means responsive to an increaseinvoltage 'ot'rsa-id source and-coir trolled by said'voltm'etenforcontrollingone of said -relays,' electromagnetic means responsive to laxdecrease 'in voltage and, icontrolleddjy said voltmeter forxcontrollingthat relay of:said-series which is immediately previous to the one underthe controlio'f the said first electromagnetic means, and, means fortransferring the control; ofboth said,

Hill

ltlli BEST AVAHABLE CUP,

electromagnetic means to other relays-of said series.

tions whereby sa id' means normally controls one of said relays, andautomatic means for removing the control oi said electromag netic'mean'sfrom said normally controlled I relay toanotheif of'said'relays, wherebythe opened ina predetermined order.

'52. In a of distributioma source'of voltage,"'a plurality of resistanceelement's,

shunt 7 paths for" said resistances may be a circuit containingsaidsource andsaid res tanc ""Ineans' from said normally controlled 1 relayes,'-a 'voltmeter connected to said normally deenergized' relay for eachelements, *a shu'nt path forfe'ach f s'ai d resi'stances comprising a-.contact' of one of said'*'r'elays' "nee ashore-said ol ma y ccomprising a second seris'erruays as re moving the control 's'aidelectromagnetic to another of said first series of relays whereby I the'shunt "p aths' "for em d 1 resistances in ay be opened fina 5predetermined order} '53. Ina system of distribution, a source ofvOltage a plurality-bf resistance elements,a circuit containingsaidsource and said resistance elements," a voltmeter "con nectedto'saidsource, a normally deenergized'relay forjeach of said resistanceeleme'nts, jashuntpath for each of said resistances comprising a movablecontact of one of said relays,electromagnetic means controlled'by acontact of said voltmeter,

connections whereby said means controls the progressive energization ofsaid relays for opening "said shunt paths, a second electromagneticmeans controlled by a second contact of said voltmeter, and connectionswhereby said second mentioned means controls the progressivedeenergization of said relays for closing said shunt paths.

54. In a system of distribution, a source of voltage, a variableresistance, a voltmeter having a winding responsive to changes in saidsource. awork circuit comprising said source and said variableresistance, electromagnetic means responsive through the intermediary ofsaid voltmeter to changes in voltage of said source for varying thecalibration of said voltmetennnd for producing a proportionate variationin the value of said resistance whereby the current in said workcircuitmay be held substantially constant 55. In a system of distribution, asource of voltage, a-voltmeter having a winding responsive to changes involtage o'f said source, a variable resistance in circuit with thewinding of'said voltmeterfa second variable resistance, a workcirc'uitcomprising said source of voltage and said second variable resistance,electro-magnetic means responsive through the intermediary of saidvoltmeter tochanges 'in' voltage'o'f. said source-for producing aproportionate variation in the value of said resistances whereby thecurrent in saidwork circuit may-be held substantially constant.

56. In a system of'dist'ributioma source of voltage, avoltmeter,"a'pluralityof resistance elements, an electric circuitcomprising said source, said resistance elements and the winding of saidvoltmeter, a plurali'tyfof additional iresistance' elernents' a workcircuit compris ng saidsource ofvolt f" onnec age and said additional*resi'stance }elen'1entsj,= aplurality'oi relays," {shunt athsf underthe" j control of said relays for said i re tions for causing aluralit'y o'f said relays i to open theshunt i'jaths of a plurality ofsaid resistance elements in-said electric cir cuit While opening theshunt paths for a smaller number of the resistance elements in said workcircuit whereby the current --in said work circuit may beregulated. i

the control of contacts of said relays forvarying the calibration ofsaid voltmeter, a

plurality of Work circuits, a variable resistance in each of saidcircuits and individual to each of said circuitsyand automatic meansunder the control of contacts of said relays for producing equalvariations in said variable resistances whereby :the current in saidwork circuits may .be regulated.

-58. In a system of distribution, a source of voltage, a voltmeterresponsive to fluctuations in said source, a series of relays under thecontrol of said voltmeter, means under ths control of contacts of saidrelays tor varying the calibration of said voltmeter, a plurality ofwork circuits, a plurality of resistance elements in each of saidcircuits and individual to each of said circuit-s, a shunt path for eachof said resistance elements. electromagnetic means for controlling saidshunt paths and connections whereby said electromagnetic means arecontrolled by contacts of said relays.

59. In a system of distribution, a source of voltage, a voltmeterresponsive to fluctuations in said source, a series of normallydeenergized relays, electromagnetic means under the control of saidvoltmeter ior. energining said relays, electromagnetic means under thecontrol of said voltmeter. for: de energizing said relays, megnsunderthe con trol of contacts of. sniddrelays for. varying the calibration ofsaid voltmeter, 2 plurality of Work circuits, a plurality ot resistanceelements in each of said cincnits, shunt pathsfor said resistances,nezins COID- pr si a et o e ys for) ontrolling. h

of, electrical. energy, a plurality of circuits connected thereto and 1including, variable .restances, voltme e i c uded e f id c i i sgiaplura ity of e ays o rolled y -th ct eni ff aid ol met r, and

ans. u d r theccntr l of lid relays for I rying id re tances- ,6 .a. yteml0iclis bution ource of electrical" energy, a circuit;connectedthereto including a plurality, oi, resistance.

e nts, sh n -paths, bo aid esi t nce.

elements, a voltmeter, another circuit connected to said sourceincluding the Winding of said voltmeter and a plurality of resistanceelements, short circuits about, said second; mentioned resistances, a.series of relays operated by said voltmeter iii-response,

to a variation in the voltage ntlsaid' source.

andmeans under the control of. said 'ielz ys for opening or closingsaid'short circuits and said shunts.

62. A regulator comprising ,a solenoid, an element controlled thereby,and means forv ance elements, inoyablc contacts. individual to saidelements. and solenoids individual, to said contscts,

3 A r gulates wmmi nsi- 0% plurality of, relnys controlled; thereby,means whereby one of snidl'relays operntes. for. an increase in,theenergizntion of. said solenoid, Another of said relays operating fora decrease in the energizntiomot said solenoid, an. impedance. in, crcuit \vithsaid solenoid and controlled said, solenoid, Al1(l;21regulnting element controlled by, said; relays.

til. In a system of distribution, 2,, source of electrical energy, a,plurality of circuits onnected thereto ,nnd including-ver fiableresistances a voltmeter, inclndeddn .oneiof said circuits, a solenoidcontrolled-,hy theaotion of sari d voltmeter, I animez ns nnder thecontrol of said solenoid for vsryingsaidres SlSt2L11C S. I V

n, .vs ri i otistribe we of ii l energy, vsl meteselili e di to. saidour es ssiesiot el ye-lw s: o trolled y e he miss at s id: vdtm t s ar;-p t ng-1 u ce s lis h slexsholnded; in ai l e e p a i y ptnormsll e s-75 s ed elays on rol d; e slise i s lays, time er nsl nse l esisble resistance. eers qm-i e dsos e elework cii'cuit, and Ine nscontrolleghbyijsg id.n mally energized .rel ays. for, vory ng s aids re;sistance.

66. In a systemof distribntion 3.4;.SQlL-If68. of electrical energy, aplurality-cfcircuits connected thereto, variable, resistance elementsassociated with ench of saidici-rcuits a series of, relays. associatedwith, cache .0; said circuits .ztnd. controlling, the. variableresistance elements; zissocieted therewith, means controlled by avariation ,in the volt :1 go at said source for ,con trolling;one [ofsaid series of; relays, and mesns controlled by said last mentionedseries of ,relaysgion con trolling another oi said series otgreleysi;

In witness whereof, I herenntossubsoribe my. name thisfilst day 0f--Jn-ly Ai D.., l9l9 95 ROY Di. CONWAY. v

